There are many different types of stress and various impacts that stressful situations can have on all areas of our health. Review these possible stress-provoking situations.
? Sally is a hardworking young professional who was applauded for her work performance and given more responsibility. After a few months there is a rapid decline in her productivity and she is seen withdrawing from work. Sally?s new manager constantly criticizes her for her lack of productivity, which makes her performance worse, and causes her more worry.
? Nancy is ready to leave the house for work and spills coffee on her clean work clothes. Then, she finds that her car will not start. When she tries to call for help, she realizes her cell phone is disconnected because she did not pay the bill. She starts to cry.
? Bob found out that one of his best friends just died. The funeral will be held next week.
? Tom is called at work and told that he needs to pick up his teenage son from school. This is the second time this year that his son has been sent home for fighting. Tom?s boss is not happy that he requests to leave work early.
? Tracy, a single mother, finds she doesn?t have enough money left to buy food for her children before her next paycheck in two weeks. This is the third time this year she has struggled to put food on the table.
Choose one situation to evaluate and answer the following questions:
? Does this represent chronic or acute stress?
? What type of response might the body and brain be experiencing to manage the stressor?
? What would be the goal for coping with this stress? (eliminate, reduce, tolerate)
? What type of coping strategy should be implemented?emotion-focused coping or problem-directed coping? How would the individual employ this approach? In other words, using this type of coping strategy, what could he or she do to cope with the stressor? Give 2 examples.
? Write 2 ?coping self-statements? the individual might make in response to this stressor. You will find some examples of coping self-statements in your textbook.
? What are some of the potential long-term impacts on this individual?s health if he or she does not find a way to cope with this stressor?
Please be sure you address each question, using terms and concepts from your text. A good initial discussion response should be at least 150?250 words in length. In order to earn full credit for participation, you must respond to two or more classmates in a substantive manner before the end of the module.

Assignment 2: Review and Application of Learning Theory
Background
In psychology, learning theory refers to how we acquire basic responses and behaviors. We study three different types of learning: learning through association (classical conditioning), learning through reward or punishment (operant conditioning), and learning through imitation (observational learning). Learning theory is explored primarily through the Behavioral perspective, which emphasizes how the environment shapes who we are and how we behave.
Instructions
Choose one of the following options and respond to the essay questions:
Option A:
1. Provide an original example from your own life history of Classical Conditioning. Your example should provide enough specific detail to illustrate the concept.
2. Explain how each of the five key terms listed below may apply to your example.
o Unconditioned Stimulus
o Unconditioned Response
o Neutral Stimulus
o Conditioned Response
o Conditioned Stimulus
Option B:
1. Provide an original example from your own life history of Operant Conditioning. Your example should provide enough specific detail to illustrate the concept.
2. Explain how each of the five key terms listed below apply to your example. If a term does not apply to your example, explain why.
o Positive Reinforcement
o Punishment
o Schedule of Reinforcement
o Thorndike?s Law of Effect
o Extinction
Your response should be at least one page (500 words) written in a clear, concise, and organized manner. Be sure to demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e. APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. For help in citing sources, click on Academic Resources under Course Home.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Provide specific details for an original example of Classical or Operant Conditioning from your own history or one that you have observed in a friend or family member. 24
Explain how each of the five key terms listed (for either Classical Conditioning or Operant Conditioning) may apply to your example. If a term does not apply to your example, explain why. 40
Academic Writing
Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e., APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 16
Total: 80

Module 4 Overview

In this Module we cover the topics of Motivation and Social Psychology. We will learn about some motivational theories and consider how culture and gender might play a role in ethically working with others. We will explore the social processes evident in behavior and some prominent research experiments tested by psychologists. We will learn about the behavior of individuals in social situations and the effects of social dynamics on behavior.

Assignment 1: Social Psychology

Consider these examples from a typical, large suburban high school.
1. Kelly is a sophomore who attends a meeting of the all-male robotics club. She says she has an interest in joining the club and working on building a robot for an upcoming competition. The male members of the club snicker at her and one boy puts his foot out and ?accidently? trips Kelly in the aisle. The male teacher in the room tells the boys to settle down, but he also tells Kelly that he isn?t sure she would have the necessary skills for the club, since the other members have all had several years experience building robots. ?After all,? he said, ?you were probably playing with dolls for all the years these boys were building things and experimenting with electronics.?
2. John is an artistic, intelligent boy who is not interested in sports or other ?typical? male pursuits. He enjoys writing fiction and poetry for the school newspaper. When he gets on the school bus no one will share a seat with him. He ends up standing and a group of students in the back of the bus harass and heckle him, calling him homophobic slurs.
3. In the teachers? lounge, a group of Caucasian teachers huddle around the water cooler gossiping about why one of their fellow teachers, an Asian-American woman, was promoted to assistant principle over other teachers with more years of experience. ?I know she has a master?s degree, but I still think this is clearly an affirmative action thing?they just want to get more minorities in administration. They don?t care about who is really qualified, and that?s all there is to it.?
Select one of the examples above that you feel illustrates prejudiced attitudes. Answer the following:
1. What elements of this scenario make it an example of prejudice?
2. Is there also discrimination present?
3. Is there stereotyping in this example?
4. Explain why the prejudice is occurring using the following terms: Social categorization, in-group, out-group, and in-group-bias.
5. Based on your readings, what type of intervention could help to reduce prejudice in a situation like this?
Please be sure you address each question, using terms and concepts from your text. A good initial discussion response should be at least 150?250 words in length. In order to earn full credit for participation, you must respond to two or more classmates in a substantive manner before the end of the module.

Assignment 2: Motivation
Background
In psychology, Motivation refers to the forces that push and pull us toward specific goals and behaviors. Motivation is generally either internal (biological, cognitive) or external (environmental, situational). In psychology, the study of Motivation often focuses on biological behaviors, such as eating and sexual expression, or achievement behaviors, such as academics or career goals. Understanding how motivation works is key to guiding others and encouraging the highest level of performance.
Instructions
Choose one of the following options to explore:
? Option A: Eating Behavior and Eating Disorders
? Option B: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation
Option A: Most psychologists focus on psycho-social aspects when explaining the origin of disordered eating behavior; however, there are also biological issues which may influence disordered behavior. Explore the biological and psycho-social aspects of disordered eating behavior by completing the following items.
1. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some biological or genetic factors that may predispose someone to disordered eating behavior. Describe two or more conclusions from biological research of disordered eating behavior. (These may include genes, brain functioning, metabolic, hormonal, etc.)
2. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some psychological and social/cultural factors that may predispose someone to disordered eating behavior. Describe two or more conclusions from psychological or social research of disordered eating behavior. (These may include personal issues, family issues, society, media, or cultural issues.)
3. Based on your research, explain whether you view disordered eating as primarily biologically based or psycho-socially based.
Your response should be approximately three paragraphs in length (one paragraph for each item). Do not simply state your opinion on these issues; justify your response with evidence from scholarly sources, including your text. For help in citing sources, click on Academic Resources under Course Home.
Option B: Most psychologists believe that our sexual preferences and orientation are largely determined by our biology. Explore the biological and psycho-social aspects of sexual preference by completing the following items.
1. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some biological or genetic factors that influence sexual orientation behavior. Describe two or more conclusions from biological research of sexual orientation behavior. (These may include genes, brain functioning, metabolic, and hormonal, etc.)
2. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some psychological and social/cultural factors that may also influence sexual orientation. Describe two or more conclusions from psychological or social research of sexual orientation. (These may include personal issues, family issues, society, media, or cultural issues.)
3. Based on your research, explain whether you view sexual orientation as primarily biologically based or psycho-socially based.
Your response should be approximately three paragraphs in length (one paragraph for each item). Do not simply state your opinion on these issues; justify your response with evidence from scholarly sources, including your text. For help in citing sources, click on Academic Resources under Course Home.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Assignment Components
Identify some biological or genetic aspects of disordered eating behavior or sexual orientation behavior. 20
Identify some psychological and/or social aspects of disordered eating behavior or sexual orientation behavior. 20
Explain whether disordered eating behavior or sexual orientation behavior is biologically based or psycho-socially based. 24
Academic Writing
Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e., APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 16
Total: 80

There are many different types of stress and various impacts that stressful situations can have on all areas of our health. Review these possible stress-provoking situations.
? Sally is a hardworking young professional who was applauded for her work performance and given more responsibility. After a few months there is a rapid decline in her productivity and she is seen withdrawing from work. Sally?s new manager constantly criticizes her for her lack of productivity, which makes her performance worse, and causes her more worry.
? Nancy is ready to leave the house for work and spills coffee on her clean work clothes. Then, she finds that her car will not start. When she tries to call for help, she realizes her cell phone is disconnected because she did not pay the bill. She starts to cry.
? Bob found out that one of his best friends just died. The funeral will be held next week.
? Tom is called at work and told that he needs to pick up his teenage son from school. This is the second time this year that his son has been sent home for fighting. Tom?s boss is not happy that he requests to leave work early.
? Tracy, a single mother, finds she doesn?t have enough money left to buy food for her children before her next paycheck in two weeks. This is the third time this year she has struggled to put food on the table.
Choose one situation to evaluate and answer the following questions:
? Does this represent chronic or acute stress?
? What type of response might the body and brain be experiencing to manage the stressor?
? What would be the goal for coping with this stress? (eliminate, reduce, tolerate)
? What type of coping strategy should be implemented?emotion-focused coping or problem-directed coping? How would the individual employ this approach? In other words, using this type of coping strategy, what could he or she do to cope with the stressor? Give 2 examples.
? Write 2 ?coping self-statements? the individual might make in response to this stressor. You will find some examples of coping self-statements in your textbook.
? What are some of the potential long-term impacts on this individual?s health if he or she does not find a way to cope with this stressor?
Please be sure you address each question, using terms and concepts from your text. A good initial discussion response should be at least 150?250 words in length. In order to earn full credit for participation, you must respond to two or more classmates in a substantive manner before the end of the module.

Assignment 2: Review and Application of Learning Theory
Background
In psychology, learning theory refers to how we acquire basic responses and behaviors. We study three different types of learning: learning through association (classical conditioning), learning through reward or punishment (operant conditioning), and learning through imitation (observational learning). Learning theory is explored primarily through the Behavioral perspective, which emphasizes how the environment shapes who we are and how we behave.
Instructions
Choose one of the following options and respond to the essay questions:
Option A:
1. Provide an original example from your own life history of Classical Conditioning. Your example should provide enough specific detail to illustrate the concept.
2. Explain how each of the five key terms listed below may apply to your example.
o Unconditioned Stimulus
o Unconditioned Response
o Neutral Stimulus
o Conditioned Response
o Conditioned Stimulus
Option B:
1. Provide an original example from your own life history of Operant Conditioning. Your example should provide enough specific detail to illustrate the concept.
2. Explain how each of the five key terms listed below apply to your example. If a term does not apply to your example, explain why.
o Positive Reinforcement
o Punishment
o Schedule of Reinforcement
o Thorndike?s Law of Effect
o Extinction
Your response should be at least one page (500 words) written in a clear, concise, and organized manner. Be sure to demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e. APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. For help in citing sources, click on Academic Resources under Course Home.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Provide specific details for an original example of Classical or Operant Conditioning from your own history or one that you have observed in a friend or family member. 24
Explain how each of the five key terms listed (for either Classical Conditioning or Operant Conditioning) may apply to your example. If a term does not apply to your example, explain why. 40
Academic Writing
Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e., APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 16
Total: 80

Module 4 Overview

In this Module we cover the topics of Motivation and Social Psychology. We will learn about some motivational theories and consider how culture and gender might play a role in ethically working with others. We will explore the social processes evident in behavior and some prominent research experiments tested by psychologists. We will learn about the behavior of individuals in social situations and the effects of social dynamics on behavior.

Assignment 1: Social Psychology

Consider these examples from a typical, large suburban high school.
1. Kelly is a sophomore who attends a meeting of the all-male robotics club. She says she has an interest in joining the club and working on building a robot for an upcoming competition. The male members of the club snicker at her and one boy puts his foot out and ?accidently? trips Kelly in the aisle. The male teacher in the room tells the boys to settle down, but he also tells Kelly that he isn?t sure she would have the necessary skills for the club, since the other members have all had several years experience building robots. ?After all,? he said, ?you were probably playing with dolls for all the years these boys were building things and experimenting with electronics.?
2. John is an artistic, intelligent boy who is not interested in sports or other ?typical? male pursuits. He enjoys writing fiction and poetry for the school newspaper. When he gets on the school bus no one will share a seat with him. He ends up standing and a group of students in the back of the bus harass and heckle him, calling him homophobic slurs.
3. In the teachers? lounge, a group of Caucasian teachers huddle around the water cooler gossiping about why one of their fellow teachers, an Asian-American woman, was promoted to assistant principle over other teachers with more years of experience. ?I know she has a master?s degree, but I still think this is clearly an affirmative action thing?they just want to get more minorities in administration. They don?t care about who is really qualified, and that?s all there is to it.?
Select one of the examples above that you feel illustrates prejudiced attitudes. Answer the following:
1. What elements of this scenario make it an example of prejudice?
2. Is there also discrimination present?
3. Is there stereotyping in this example?
4. Explain why the prejudice is occurring using the following terms: Social categorization, in-group, out-group, and in-group-bias.
5. Based on your readings, what type of intervention could help to reduce prejudice in a situation like this?
Please be sure you address each question, using terms and concepts from your text. A good initial discussion response should be at least 150?250 words in length. In order to earn full credit for participation, you must respond to two or more classmates in a substantive manner before the end of the module.

Assignment 2: Motivation
Background
In psychology, Motivation refers to the forces that push and pull us toward specific goals and behaviors. Motivation is generally either internal (biological, cognitive) or external (environmental, situational). In psychology, the study of Motivation often focuses on biological behaviors, such as eating and sexual expression, or achievement behaviors, such as academics or career goals. Understanding how motivation works is key to guiding others and encouraging the highest level of performance.
Instructions
Choose one of the following options to explore:
? Option A: Eating Behavior and Eating Disorders
? Option B: Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation
Option A: Most psychologists focus on psycho-social aspects when explaining the origin of disordered eating behavior; however, there are also biological issues which may influence disordered behavior. Explore the biological and psycho-social aspects of disordered eating behavior by completing the following items.
1. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some biological or genetic factors that may predispose someone to disordered eating behavior. Describe two or more conclusions from biological research of disordered eating behavior. (These may include genes, brain functioning, metabolic, hormonal, etc.)
2. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some psychological and social/cultural factors that may predispose someone to disordered eating behavior. Describe two or more conclusions from psychological or social research of disordered eating behavior. (These may include personal issues, family issues, society, media, or cultural issues.)
3. Based on your research, explain whether you view disordered eating as primarily biologically based or psycho-socially based.
Your response should be approximately three paragraphs in length (one paragraph for each item). Do not simply state your opinion on these issues; justify your response with evidence from scholarly sources, including your text. For help in citing sources, click on Academic Resources under Course Home.
Option B: Most psychologists believe that our sexual preferences and orientation are largely determined by our biology. Explore the biological and psycho-social aspects of sexual preference by completing the following items.
1. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some biological or genetic factors that influence sexual orientation behavior. Describe two or more conclusions from biological research of sexual orientation behavior. (These may include genes, brain functioning, metabolic, and hormonal, etc.)
2. Based on your assigned readings and videos this module, identify some psychological and social/cultural factors that may also influence sexual orientation. Describe two or more conclusions from psychological or social research of sexual orientation. (These may include personal issues, family issues, society, media, or cultural issues.)
3. Based on your research, explain whether you view sexual orientation as primarily biologically based or psycho-socially based.
Your response should be approximately three paragraphs in length (one paragraph for each item). Do not simply state your opinion on these issues; justify your response with evidence from scholarly sources, including your text. For help in citing sources, click on Academic Resources under Course Home.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria Maximum Points
Assignment Components
Identify some biological or genetic aspects of disordered eating behavior or sexual orientation behavior. 20
Identify some psychological and/or social aspects of disordered eating behavior or sexual orientation behavior. 20
Explain whether disordered eating behavior or sexual orientation behavior is biologically based or psycho-socially based. 24
Academic Writing
Write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources (i.e., APA); and display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation. 16
Total: 80

Next week you will submit Part 2 of your course project and it will be used to cover the content from Unit 4 and Unit 5. An updated draft of the project covering Units 1-5 is due for review, and feedback will be provided to further guide you through the final project.

To add to your project, take a virtual trip to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City (see your resources for a link)! Navigate their site and search for an artifact from their Early Christian/Byzantine collections. Choose an item (or items if you want to explore more than one!), and write a short essay about it. Observe its traits, identify the origin, and interpret its execution and symbolism in regards to the time’s artistic tendencies and religious trends. Illustrate your knowledge of the art by evaluating an artifact of your liking!

Don’t forget to add images to your PowerPoint presentation from this virtual trip and to incorporate the art from Unit 4 as well!

This is due by end of day Sunday in Unit 5. If you should have any questions, please post in the “Ask the Instructor” forum so everyone can benefit! Attached you will the grading criteria for this portion of your course project.