ENG490 Petroleum Engineering | Reservoir and Geological Properties

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ENG490 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

Academic Year 2017/18
ENG490 – Introduction to Petroleum Engineering
Course Work
Deadline For Submission:	This is a Petroleum Portfolio based on two elements of an Essay and poster,as well as HSE executive summary on a selected topics to reflect on the impacts and understanding of the Oil and Gas sector.
Submission Instructions	This course work should be submitted to moodle, the dead line is 3:50pm on the 23/02/2018. The marking criteria for this course is available. Total marks are 50
Instructions for completing the assessment:	Provided as necessary
Examiners:	Dr. Mohamed Hassan

University of Portsmouth 

ENG490Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Portfolio

Dr Mohamed Hassan 

The Portfolio for this unit consists of two elements and carrys 50% of the total unit mark 

à Element 1: HSE Case study executive summary 20% of the total unit mark

à Element 2:“Non-conventional resources” 20% for the essay and 10%for the poster of the total unit mark whichconsists of 500 word essay and a poster on your topic as listed in table 2. 

Your final submission should be in to the ENG office 23/02/2018, consisting of a folder containing:

• Element 1
• Element 2
  • Individual essays
  • A3 coloured paper copy of the Poster

Work that is wholly plagiarized will receive a mark of zero.

The course work is worth 50% of the final unit mark; All work should conform to the submission guidelines in the Student Handbook. In particular, your essay should be word-processed and printed on A4 paper, using a 12-point font and 1.5 spacing[1]. You should include a title page with your student number, the name of your instructor  and of course name as well as the title of your Critical Review of Sources (CROS.

Marking and feedback for the portfolio 

The unit team aim to achieve reliable, consistent and reproducible judgements on your work. In accordance with University regulations, each assessment is marked against a scheme that distinguishes between different levels of achievement.

You can expect the following feedback on assessments undertaken for this unit.

• A mark. Marks are normally expressed as a percentage.
• The major shortcomings of your work.
• Ways in which that mark can be improved.

You will also receive feedback during classes and through the Moodle site, and additional opportunities to receive feedback are available from the unit team.

Your assessments are evaluated relative to the criteria outlined below. These provide a consistent reference point to distinguish between different levels of achievement. You should always take these criteria into consideration when preparing for any assessment on this unit.

Table 1:Grade criteria
Grade	Criteria
70+	As below plus: Excellent work – able to express an original reasoned argument in a lucid manner by reviewing & critiquing a wide range of material. | Original, critical thinking based on outstanding insight, knowledge & understanding of material. | Wide reaching research showing breadth & depth of sources.
60-69	As below plus: Clear, balanced coherent critical & rigorous analysis of the subject matter. | Detailed understanding of knowledge & theory expressed with clarity. | Extensive use of relevant & current literature to view topic in perspective, analyse context & develop new explanations and theories.
50-59	As below plus: Detailed review and grasp of pertinent issues & a critical contextual overview of the literature. | Thorough knowledge of theory and methods & uses this to underpin arguments and conclusions. | Confidence in understanding and using literature.
40-49	Demonstrates grasp of key concepts & an ability to develop & support an argument in a predominately descriptive way with valid conclusions drawn from the research. | Familiarity with key literature which is cited and presented according to convention. | Logical & clear structure, well organised with good use of language and supporting material.
30-39	FAIL Some knowledge of relevant concepts & literature but significant gaps in understanding and/or knowledge. | Little attempt at evaluation, conclusions vague, ambiguous & not based on researched material. | Limited or inappropriate research. | Deficits in length, structure, presentation &/or prose
0-29	FAIL. No serious attempt to address the question or problem, and/or manifests a serious misunderstanding of the requirements of the assignment. Acutely deficient in all aspects.

à Element 1 HSE Case study 

Conduct research to find a case study demonstrating a disaster in the oil and gas sector such asPiper Alpha, BP Macondo in the Gulf of Mexico.Analyse the case study for what happened, what lessons can be learned from them and produce a 2-4 page executive summary covering some or all of the following topics 

“Risk assessments of oil industry, HSEQ common principles, Health, Safety, Environmental, Security Risk Management Critical safety behaviours, HSEQ observation and intervention, Incident reporting and investigation, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)” 

à Element 2 “Non-conventional resources” 

The overall theme of this year’s coursework will be non-conventional resources, related to the Oil and Gas sector such as, Shale Gas,, Shale Oil, Cole Bed Methane, Tight Gas, Heavy Oil, Tar Sands and etc.  You will explore these issues by researching suitable sources (written, audio, and video), but more importantly by means of comparing them to conventional resources and highlighting the limitation in the life cycle from exploration to production, storage and economics as a commodity. You will write up your findings in short paragraphs essay as well as a poster. You can create these posters using PowerPoint or Microsoft Publisher; we encourage you to make them as colourful and attractive as possible by including tables, diagrams, and pictures.

The writing assessment will be called the Critical Review of Sources (CROS). This is a kind of essay in which you discuss and summarize the reading (plus listening and video sources) you have done in preparation for an assignment. You may be familiar with the term ‘literature review’, which has a very similar meaning.

Your CROS will have the same title as your poster on a non-conventional topic. However, the CROS and poster are individual assignment for your topic see table 2 page 4.

Imagine someone has seen your poster, is interested by the topic, and wants to know more about it. Your CROS will tell them which books and articles they should read, plus what they should listen to or view online – and why. You can also be critical by telling them what they should not read (listen to or view) – and why.

You must refer to at least10 different sources, of which at least8 should be academic no older than 2012. If you are not sure if a source is academic, try to find it from the University library page. You can make use of readings you have discussed in your classes. All sources should be in English, and referenced according to the APA 6^th Edition system. You must include a final reference list (bibliography). You should aim to write (1.5-2 Pages), excluding the reference list, tables and figures. Divide your work into paragraphs and pay particular attention to accuracy in grammar and vocabulary; if you are not sure of something, check it in a grammar book or dictionary. 

Table 2 topics for Essay and poster 

student ID
	Project 1 – Coalbed Methane Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals I
875157	1.      Dual Porosity Structure of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
855192	2.      Coalbed Methane Storage Mechanisms
879869	3.      Langmuir Isotherms in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs (do not discuss binary Langmuir isotherms)
839696	4.      Transport Mechanisms in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
779944	5.      Matrix Shrinkage/Compaction, Coal Permeability and Coal Relative Permeability
	Project 2 – Coalbed Methane Reservoir Engineering Fundamentals II
823455	1.      Binary Langmuir Isotherms in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
877438	2.      Volumetric Gas in Place Calculations in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
827859	3.      Gas Content in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
869470	4.      Inflow Performance Relationship in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
839006	5.      Decline Curve Analysis in Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
	Project 3 – Shale Gas Hydraulic Fracturing
865383	1.      Effect of Hydraulic Fracture Spacing in Shale Gas Production
741852	2.      Effect of Horizontal Well Length in Shale Gas Production
859223	3.      Effect of Number of Fractures in Shale Gas Production
842168	4.      Effect of Proppant Number and Type on Shale Gas Production
798443	5.      Effect of Brittle and Ductile Shales on Hydraulic Fracturing
	Project 4 – Shale Gas Evaluation
841724	1.      Measurement of Total Organic Carbon using Filter Acidification Method
845285	2.      Measurement of Total Organic Carbon using Nonfilter Acidification Method
856149	3.      Measurement of Total Organic Carbon using Bulk Density Log Method
850340	4.      Measurement of Total Organic Carbon using Gamma Ray Log
865966	5.      Measurement of Total Organic Carbon using Rock Eval Method
	Project 5 – Shale Gas Fundamentals
842100	1.      Differences between Shale Gas and Coalbed Methane Reservoirs
839575	2.      Differences between Shale Gas and Conventional Sandstone Reservoirs
875980	3.      Thermal Maturity in Shale Gas and Oil Gas Reservoirs
880826	4.      Gas in Place in Shale Gas Reservoirs
762794	5.      Slick Water Fracturing in Shale Gas Reservoirs
	Project 6 – Shale Gas Asset Life Cycle
839018	1.      Exploratory Phase Stage of the Asset Life Cycle
879649	2.      Appraisal Phase Stage of the Asset Life Cycle
840476	3.      Development Phase Stage of the Asset Life Cycle
808853	4.      Production Phase Stage of the Asset Life Cycle
862747	5.      Rejuvenation Phase Stage of the Asset Life Cycle
880834	Project 7 – Oil Shale Fundamentals
	1.      Energy Potential of Oil Shale around the World
839704	2.      Shale Oil and Oil Shale
861592	3.      Surface Retorting and In-Situ Retorting of Oil Shale
812454	4.      Social and Economic Impact of Oil Shale Development
865526	5.      Determining the Grade of Oil Shale
	Project 8 – Tight Gas Sandstones Reservoirs
834912	1.      Energy Potential of Tight Gas Sandstones around the World
859927	2.      Tight Gas Reservoir Characterisation (Geology, and Rock Properties)
809297	3.      Petro physical Characterisation of Tight Gas Reservoirs
874944	4.      Drilling and Completion and Development Strategy in Tight Gas Sandstones compared to Conventional Sandstones
841691	5.      Comparison of Tight Gas Sandstones to Shale Gas Reservoirs
	Project 9 – Gas Hydrates
862960	1.      Energy Potential of Gas Hydrates
819524	2.      Nature and Formation of Gas Hydrates
877555	3.      Applications of Gas Hydrates
814825	4.      Gas Hydrates Exploitation Method
867456	5.      Gas Hydrates Problems in Drilling and Production Engineering
	Project 10 – Heavy Oil/Oil Sands
878635	1.      Energy Potential of Oil Sands
834184	2.      Heavy Oil and Oil Sands
822957	3.      Alkali Surfactant Polymer Flooding of Heavy Oil Reservoirs
841410	4.      Cyclic Steam Flooding and Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
878688	5.      Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand
	Project 11 – Shale Oil Production Analysis
858945	1.      Linear, Bilinear and Boundary Dominated Flow Regimes
839139	2.      Material Balance Time Plot and its use in Shale Reservoirs
855288	3.      Square Root Time Plot and its use in Shale Reservoirs
829901	4.      Flowing Material Balance and its use in Shale Reservoirs
819658	5.      Arp’s decline curve analysis in Shale Reservoirs
	Project 12 – Barnett Shale
879199	1.      Geological description of the Barnett Shale
846629	2.      Reservoir Description of the Barnett Shale
780462	3.      Production Development of the Barnett Shale
852986	4.      Production Performance of the Barnett Shale
864820	5.      Fiscal Regime and Economics of the Barnett Shale
	Project 13 – Hydraulic Fracturing Developments
	1.      History of Hydraulic Fracturing in the US and UK
	2.      Social Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing in the UK
	3.      Social Effects of Hydraulic Fracturing in the US
880429	4.      Regulations regarding Hydraulic Fracturing in the UK and US
843213	5.      New Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing Developments
	Project 14 – Bowland Shale, Weald Basin and Midland Valley Shales
809512	1.      Unconventional Shale wells and fields in the UK
865242	2.      Reservoir and Geological Properties of Bowland Shale
865163	3.      Reservoir and Geological Properties of Weald Basin Shales
778591	4.      Reservoir and Geological Properties of Midland Valley Shales

 Some tips on structure and content of element 2 unconventional essay  

• Your work should begin with an introduction, in which you explain your topic, why it is interesting or important, and how your CROS is structured. You can also refer to your research findings.
• Try to cover several different sources in the same paragraph. In each paragraph, all the sources mentioned should have something in common, for example they all offer an easy introduction to the topic, they are all based on surveys or questionnaires and they are all recent newspaper or academic articles.
• Try to begin with sources that cover the topic in very general way, before continuing with sources that deal with specific aspects.
• Try to link sources together by comparing or contrasting. You will get extra marks if you do this well.

You can comment on how reliable a source is from an academic point of view. Is it, for example, out of date, or written by someone with strong views that might affect their judgement?

Tips for Writing an Executive Summary 

An Executive Summary summarizes the key points of a lengthy research report or publication. Although research reports are often highly technical in nature, the goal of an Executive Summary is to communicate in a simple manner so that the information can be understood by all readers, regardless oftheir knowledge or expertise. The Executive Summary is used by managers to understand the broaderpolicy context of research and make decisions about changes to policies, programs, or investment decisions.

Typically, an Executive Summary is 3-4 pages in length. A longer summary is often used when it contains charts or other illustrations. The Executive Summary should be organized according to the following categories – Project Summary, Background, Process, Finding and Conclusions and Recommendations for Action. Following is a description of the type of information to consider for each of these categories. It is not intended to be an exhaustive listing of the type of information that is Appropriate to convey—these are examples to help you think about key items that should be communicated.

PROJECT SUMMARY 

• What is the research project and why was it conducted?
• Provide a brief (2-3 sentence) description of the project.
• What is the problem or issue?
• What is the purpose of the research?

BACKGROUND

• What is the history of the research?
• Did a specific event or issue provide the impetus for the research?
• Is this a second or third phase to earlier research conducted by us or someone else?
• Is this a “first-of-its-kind” research project?

Who was involved? 

• Was this research done as part of a national research program?
• Was this a partnership with other states? Which states?
• Was this a pool-funded project?
• Was it done in cooperation with a university? Which?
• Was it done in cooperation with local units of government? Which?
• Was it done in partnership with private organizations? Name them.

PROCESS 

• What process was used to conduct the research?
• Provide a brief (2-3 sentence) description of the research process.
• What was the length of the research – number of months or years?
• Was the process designed to be compatible with other research?
• What type of data was collected?
• How was the data collected?
• Did it involve surveys? Describe.
• Did it involve sampling? Describe.
• Did it involve test sections? Describe type and location.
• Where was the data collected? Name the specific counties or highways.
• Were any unusual collection techniques or equipment used? 

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 

• What were the major findings or results?
• Provide a brief (2-3 sentence) description of the most significant findings. Was a cost/benefit analysis conducted?
• Is there a simple way to quantify the results?
• Does the research provide a snapshot of before and after comparisons?
• What are the practical benefits of this research for industry and regulation?
• Does the research provide a way to reduce costs? Explain.
• Does the research improve safety? Explain.
• Does the research increase productivity? Explain.
• Does the research improve operational efficiencies? Explain.
• Does the research improve customer service? Explain.
• Does the research reduce congestion or travel times? Explain.
• Does the research provide a smoother ride? Explain.
• Does the research provide better information to make policy-based decisions?
• Is the new practice worth the investment? Explain how you measured the trade-offs?
• Does the research indicate what NOT to do?
• What are the policy implications?
• Do the findings impact existing regulations?
• Do the findings impact other states?
• Do the findings impact local units of government?
• Can the findings be used as a national model?
• Do the findings indicate a new best practice?
• Do the findings identify emerging new issues or trends?

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ACTION 

• What future steps are needed in both the short-term and long-term?
• Explain how the findings will be transferred into actual policy or program changes.
• What needs to be done before the research results can be implemented?
• Is additional study needed?
• Are additional resources needed?
• Are there unresolved issues?
• Do manuals or guidelines need to be changed?
• Are legislative changes needed?
• Are changes needed to existing specifications or procedures?
• Does the research point to the need for new technology investments?
• Who is responsible for implementation?
• Does it require action by management?
• Will implementation depend on new or existing partnerships? With whom?
• Will it depend on legislative or Congressional action?
• Will it depend on federal regulatory changes?
• Who is the contact for more information?
• How will the results of the research be communicated?
• Should there be a workshop or training?
• Will there be information in newsletters? 

WRITING AND STYLE 

When writing the Executive Summary it is best to keep the writing and style simple and concise.

Following are a few reminders for good communications:

• Use simple short words unless only the long words fit your needs.
• Keep sentences short (15-20 words).
• Avoid technical jargon and acronyms. If a technical word is absolutely necessary, define it

for the reader. For instance if the research involves rubblization – explain it.

• Keep numbers simple. Round them off when possible ($8.4 million instead of $8,421,500).
• Use charts to show comparisons or trends.
• Weed out unnecessary words, clichés and overused buzzwords.
• Substitute active verbs for “to be” verbs. For instance, “the program achieved its goals”

instead of “program goals were achieved.”

• Write as you talk, use everyday language. Avoid stuffy, halting sentences.
• Keep the tone friendly, informal, matter-of-fact.
• Use examples that are familiar to the reader.
• Always proofread and spell check the document.
• [1] If you use any indented quotations, these should be single-spaced.